Clinical Professor,
Plastic Surgery,
Kolkata, India.
Discover the Power of Transformation with Reconstructive Surgery!
Say goodbye to physical imperfections and hello to a new, confident you. Reconstructive plastic surgery can help restore or improve the function of body parts affected by injury, congenital disabilities, disease, or ageing. It can also enhance your overall appearance and self-esteem. Dr Srinjoy Saha provides an expert guide that explores the most commonly performed reconstructive procedures, from diabetic limb salvage to hand surgery to breast reconstruction and beyond. Discover how these procedures can help you regain a sense of normality and live your life to the fullest. You can find the information you need to make mature, informed decisions about your health and wellness with concise and easy-to-understand descriptions.
Facial Reconstruction
Treating The Outside, Healing Deep Inside.
Facial reconstructive surgery is a life-changing plastic surgery specialising in restoring or enhancing facial features impacted by congenital disabilities, injuries, or medical conditions. From cleft lip and palate repair to facial paralysis treatment, this field harnesses advanced techniques and technology to help patients achieve a natural, functional, and aesthetically pleasing appearance. Facial reconstructive surgery can bring renewed confidence and improved quality of life when its performed by the right plastic surgeon,
Cleft Lip
A cleft lip is a congenital deformity that affects the upper lip, causing a split or opening. Reconstructive surgery, also known as cleft lip repair, is performed to correct the appearance of the lip and improve function, such as speech and feeding. The procedure aims to provide a harmonious and aesthetically pleasing result.
Cleft Palate
Cleft palate treatment is a reconstructive plastic surgery procedure designed to correct a congenital defect in the roof of the mouth. The process involves reshaping and reconstructing the palate to improve speech, eating, and breathing functions. Advanced surgical techniques and customised treatment plans ensure successful outcomes and improved quality of life for patients.
Facial Paralysis
Facial paralysis is a condition that affects the muscles responsible for facial expressions and smiles. Nerve damage, infections, injury, tumours, or congenital defects can cause it. Treatment options for facial paralysis include reconstructive surgery, rehabilitation therapy, and injectable filler. The goal of treatment is to restore facial symmetry, improve speech and eating, and increase the quality of life.
Facial Injury Repair
Facial injuries can significantly impact a person's appearance and self-esteem. Reconstructive plastic surgery can repair facial injuries such as broken bones, lacerations, and burns to restore facial form and function. Surgeries may involve using skin grafts, tissue expanders, or bone grafts to rebuild and reshape facial features. The goal of treatment is to restore a natural, attractive appearance while improving function and self-confidence.
Facial Scar Removal
Disfiguring facial scars can impact self-esteem and daily life. Reconstructive surgery can improve the appearance of scars, restoring confidence and allowing for a better quality of life. Treatment options range from resurfacing procedures to skin grafts and tissue expansion. A consultation with a plastic surgeon can help determine the best choice for individual needs.
Facial Skin Cancer Treatment
Skin cancer removal is a reconstructive plastic surgery procedure to remove malignant growths on the skin. The goal is to not only remove the cancerous cells but also restore the appearance and function of the affected body part. A plastic surgeon performs a wide array of treatments ranging from simple excision to more complex reconstructive surgery. Early skin cancer detection and treatment are essential for the best possible outcomes.
Craniofacial Anomalies
Craniofacial anomalies are congenital (birth) or acquired conditions affecting the skull, face, jaw and neck, which can result in functional and aesthetic issues. Reconstructive plastic surgery can improve these anomalies, providing patients with an enhanced appearance, breathing, speech and more.
Facial Burn Injuries
Burn injuries can cause significant physical and emotional damage. Still, reconstructive plastic surgery can help restore form and function to affected areas. Treatment is individualised to meet the specific needs of each patient. Options include skin grafts, tissue expansion, and wound care.
Hemifacial Microsomia
Hemifacial microsomia is a congenital condition seen as the underdevelopment of one side of the face. It can affect bones, muscles, and soft tissue, leading to asymmetrical facial features, ear abnormalities, and jaw deformities. Surgical intervention may be necessary to restore symmetry and improve facial function.
Facial Birth Defects
Congenital disabilities affecting the face can impact an individual's appearance, functionality, and quality of life. Reconstructive surgery can address these issues, improving facial appearance, restoring functional abilities, and enhancing self-esteem. Treatments range from minor cosmetic procedures to complex craniofacial surgery. Early intervention and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial to achieving optimal outcomes.
Facial Swellings
Various factors, including injury, infection, or underlying medical conditions, can cause facial masses or swellings. An individualised approach is based on the cause and severity of the masses for best results. Treatment options include medications, draining fluid buildup, or in severe cases, surgical intervention.
Neck Swellings
Neck swellings or masses refer to lumps or tumours that develop in the neck region. They may be present at birth or develop much later, ranging from benign to cancerous. They usually require surgical intervention for removal. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the final results for affected individuals.
Scalp Swellings
Treatments for scalp swellings may include medications, drainage procedures, or surgery. Cysts, abscesses, and tumours can cause scalp swellings. A correct diagnosis and proper treatment plan are crucial to alleviate pain and prevent potential complications. A plastic surgeon can assist in determining the best course of action.
Facial Hypertrophic Scars
Treatments for facial hypertrophic scars may include silicone gels or sheets, pressure dressings, corticosteroid injections, laser therapy, or surgical excision. The correct treatment option is determined by the scar's severity & location, the patient's skin type and overall health. Consulting a skilled plastic surgeon is essential to decide on the best approach for individual needs.
Reanimation for Facial Palsy
In people suffering from unfortunate facial paralysis, Facial Reanimation surgery restores movements and expressions by 'animating' the facial muscles. Plastic surgery involves relocating other muscles from the face that can reanimate the face after just one highly specialized operation. Nerve transfers are also done.
Squamous Cell Cancer
Squamous cell cancer surgery involves the removal of cancerous tissue using procedures such as excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, or cryotherapy. Exact surgical choice depends on the size, location, depth of cancer, and the patient's overall health. Surgeons remove cancer and preserve as much normal tissue as possible.
Basal Cell Cancer
Basal cell cancer surgery is a procedure to remove basal cell carcinoma, the most common form of skin cancer. It removes the cancerous tissue and a small margin of healthy tissue around it to ensure complete removal. The surgical techniques vary based on the size, location, and type of cancer. Options include excision, curettage and electrodesiccation, Mohs surgery, and others.
Melanoma Treatment
Melanoma surgery is a standard treatment for removing melanoma, the most dangerous variant of skin cancer, that spreads to other body areas if left untreated. The surgery aims to remove the entire tumour, surrounding tissue and a margin of healthy tissue to reduce the risk of recurrence. The surgical technique used varies based on the melanoma's size, location and stage.
Hand & Body Reconstruction
Treating The Outside, Healing Deep Inside.
Hand, body, and lower extremity reconstructive surgery can transform lives by restoring function, improving mobility, and correcting deformities. Experienced plastic surgeons provide personalised treatment plans that result in natural-looking, functional outcomes, whether a congenital disorder, injury or illness. With advancements in surgical techniques and technology, patients can enjoy a better quality of life, reduced pain, and increased self-esteem after reconstructive procedures. Experience the power of reconstruction and reclaim your life today.
Tissue Regeneration
Tissue regeneration is a medical field that aims to restore damaged or lost tissue through biological processes, such as cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The goal of tissue regeneration is to improve patient outcomes and reduce the need for repeated surgeries. Advanced technologies, such as stem cell therapy, 3D printing, and bioengineering, create functional tissue replacements and facilitate the body's natural healing process.
PRP: Platelet Rich Plasma
PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma) therapy involves using a patient's blood plasma, rich in growth factors, to promote healing in wounds and injuries. The plasma is injected or applied topically to the affected area to stimulate tissue regeneration and reduce healing time. PRP is an effective and minimally invasive alternative to traditional wound treatments and has shown promising results in several clinical studies.
Tissue Scaffolds
Tissue scaffold is a wound treatment technique that uses a 3D structure made from biocompatible materials to support and guide tissue regeneration and skin regeneration. It provides a supportive environment for cell growth, promotes healing, and reduces scarring. Tissue scaffold is commonly used for wound treatments and is a safe and effective alternative to traditional reconstructive plastic surgery procedures.
Fingertip Regeneration
Fingertip regeneration refers to regrowing lost or damaged tissue on the fingertips using various techniques such as tissue engineering, stem cell therapy, or regenerative medicine. The goal is to restore function and sensation to the affected area.
Finger Fractures
Finger fractures are a common injury, occurring when a bone in the finger breaks due to trauma or overuse. Symptoms after fractures include pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the affected finger. Treatment options range from immobilisation with a splint or cast to surgical intervention, depending on the severity of the fracture.
Scar Contracture
Scar contracture treatment involves reconstructive plastic surgery to correct tight, restrictive scars that affect the movement and functionality of skin and underlying tissues. Treatment options include skin grafting, tissue expansion, and surgical release of scar tissue to improve skin elasticity and reduce pain.
Lower Extremity Reconstruction
Lower extremity reconstruction surgery involves restoring function and appearance to the lower limbs affected by injury, congenital disabilities, or disease. Techniques may include skin grafting, flap surgery, or prosthetic implants to rebuild damaged tissue and bones. The goal is to improve mobility and quality of life for the patient.
Breast Reconstruction
Breast reconstruction surgery is performed to rebuild the shape and appearance of a breast after mastectomy, injury, or congenital abnormality. Techniques may include tissue expansion, flaps, implants, or a combination. The goal is to create a natural-looking and symmetrical result that enhances the patient's confidence and quality of life.
Scar Revision Surgery
Scar revision surgery improves upon the appearance of scars caused by injury, surgery, or other means. The goal of scar revision is to create a scar that is less noticeable, blends in with the surrounding skin, and reduces the impact of the scar on a person's appearance and self-esteem. A skilled plastic surgeon can use various techniques to minimise the appearance of scars and restore the affected area to its natural appearance.
Wound Management
Wound management is a crucial aspect of reconstructive surgery, encompassing the treatment and healing of injuries or surgical incisions. Effective wound management helps prevent complications, promotes healing and reduces scarring, with techniques ranging from simple dressings to more advanced techniques such as negative pressure wound therapy.
Trauma Surgery
Trauma surgery is a specialised medical field that focuses on the repair of acute injuries caused by physical trauma, such as car accidents, falls, and assaults. Surgeons work to restore the patient's physical and functional abilities, aiming for the best possible outcome and quality of life.
Acute Burn Injuries
Acute burn injuries damage the skin through heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation. Treatment involves immediate wound care, pain management, wound healing and skin grafting. The extent of injury, location and age of the person affects the recovery process. Prompt care reduces the risk of infections and scarring.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a fairly common problem caused due to excessive compression of the median nerve in the wrist. It results in numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand. Symptoms may be relieved through non-surgical treatments such as splinting or injections. Still, surgery may be necessary for severe cases. Surgical options include the open or endoscopic release of the transverse carpal ligament.
Trigger Finger
Trigger finger occurs in people who perform repetitive gripping movements and is more prevalent in women and those with conditions such as diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. One of the fingers gets temporarily stuck in a bent position and then snaps straight with a popping sound. This condition is caused by the inflammation of the flexor tendon in the finger, making it difficult for the tendon to glide smoothly through the sheath surrounding it. Treatment options include rest, splinting, physical therapy, and in severe cases, surgery to release the tendon.
Dupuytren Contracture
Dupuytren's contracture is characterised by one or more fingers of the affected hand bending in a flexed position, occurring due to the thickening of the tissue in the palm. It typically involves the ring and little fingers and can lead to reduced hand function. Treatment options include injections, surgery, and physical therapy.
Post Burn Contracture
Post-burn contracture is when the skin and underlying tissues become tight and restrict movement after a burn injury. It can occur in any body area but is most common in joints like the fingers, elbows, and knees. Treatment may involve skin grafts, physical therapy, or surgery to release the contracture and restore mobility.
Ganglion Cysts
Ganglion cysts are noncancerous lumps that occur on the tendons or joints of the wrist and hand. They are filled with a thick, jelly-like fluid and can cause discomfort or affect joint movement. Treatment options include observation, aspiration, or surgical removal.
Hand Tumor Surgery
Hand tumour surgery is a specialised surgical procedure aimed at removing abnormal growths in the hand that can be cancerous or benign. The surgery aims to preserve the function and appearance of the hand while removing the tumour and preventing its spread to other areas. Experienced surgeons use advanced techniques to minimise scarring and maintain the strength and mobility of the hand.
Diabetic Wound Reconstruction
Diabetic wound reconstruction involves repairing damaged skin and tissues caused by complications of diabetes, such as poor circulation, neuropathy and infection. Treatment often requires debridement, wound care, skin grafts, and flap surgery to restore function and appearance. Proper management of diabetes is essential to prevent future complications and optimise outcomes.
Diabetic Limb Salvage
Diabetic limb salvage is a specialised medical treatment aimed at preserving and restoring the function of limbs in patients with diabetes who have developed wounds or infections. Through a combination of advanced surgical techniques, wound care, and medical management, diabetic limb salvage helps prevent amputation and allows patients to maintain mobility and quality of life.
Corn and Callus
Corn and calluses are thick, hardened areas of skin that commonly occur on the hands and feet and can cause pain or discomfort if left untreated. Corns typically form on the tops and sides of toes, while calluses are broader and flatter and form on the soles of the feet or the palms of the hands. Treatments aim to reduce pain and improve the appearance of thickened skin on the hand and feet.
Bedsore Reconstruction
Bedsore reconstruction is a surgical procedure to repair skin damage caused by pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores. It involves removing the damaged tissue and covering the wound with a skin flap or graft to promote healing and restore function. The goal is to restore the affected area to its original form and functionality and reduce the risk of future bedsores.
Nerve Injury
Nerve injuries damage the nerves, resulting in loss of sensation, movement, and muscle weakness. They can range from mild to severe, affecting various body parts. Trauma, surgery, diseases, or compression can cause them. Effective treatments include physical therapy, medications, and surgery to restore nerve function and minimise long-term effects.
Finger Stiffness
Finger stiffness is a condition where a finger cannot move freely and with ease, leading to decreased range of motion and difficulty performing daily tasks. Caused by various factors such as arthritis, injury, or surgery, it requires physical therapy, medical treatment, or mobilisation under anaesthesia to improve mobility.
Congenital Hand Defects
Congenital hand anomalies refer to conditions present at birth, such as missing fingers, extra fingers, or malformed fingers. Reconstructive plastic surgery can correct these anomalies, restoring function and improving appearance. Advanced surgical techniques and materials are used to achieve a natural-looking result.
Syndactyly / Fused Fingers
Syndactyly is a congenital condition in which two or more digits on the hand or foot are fused. Reconstructive plastic surgery can correct this anomaly, separating the fused digits to improve functionality and appearance. Surgical techniques may vary based on the severity and location of the fusion.
Thumb Reconstruction
Thumb reconstruction is a surgical procedure to restore the thumb's function and appearance after injury, congenital anomaly, or disease. Techniques may include tendon transfers, joint replacements, bone fusion, or soft tissue reconstruction using flaps or implants. The goal is to achieve full hand function and appearance.
Tendon Transfer Surgery
Tendon transfer surgery is when a tendon from one part of the body is rerouted to another to restore function to a damaged tendon or muscle. It is used in hand and upper extremity reconstruction to improve hand grip, dexterity and fine motor skills. The procedure's success depends on the careful selection of the tendon, precise surgical technique and adequate postoperative rehabilitation.
Tendon Reconstruction
Tendon reconstruction is a surgical procedure that repairs or replaces damaged tendons in the body, typically in the hand or foot, to restore function and reduce pain. It involves using a piece of tissue from another part of the body or a synthetic graft to rebuild the damaged tendon. It can help improve movement and return to normal activities for those with tendon injuries.
Foot Drop Surgery
Foot drop surgery is a procedure to correct a condition where the patient has difficulty lifting the front part of their foot. This procedure aims to improve the patient's ability to walk and perform daily activities. Nerve damage is the most frequent cause, and tendon transfer surgery is the most common treatment. Here, repositioning a functioning tendon allows for normal foot movement.
Local Flaps
Local flaps are a commonly used technique in wound cover and reconstruction surgery. It involves repositioning skin and underlying tissue from a nearby area to repair a defect. This method provides an excellent cosmetic result, quick recovery and minimal scarring compared to other reconstructive techniques. Local flaps can be used for various facial injuries or defects, including post-trauma or post-cancer surgery repairs.
Rotation Advancement Flaps
Rotation advancement flaps are a surgical technique used to reconstruct skin and soft tissue defects. The flap of skin and tissue is rotated to cover the defect and is secured with sutures or staples. This technique allows for the preservation of blood supply, resulting in quicker healing and improved tissue viability. It is commonly used in plastic and reconstructive surgery, particularly for face, scalp, hand, and finger defects.
Microsurgery Free Flaps
Microsurgical free flaps are surgical techniques where tissues are harvested from one area and transferred to another area of the body for reconstructive purposes. This surgery is often used for complex hand or face reconstruction. It can involve reconnecting tiny blood vessels for successful tissue perfusion.